下 ( OC *ɡraːs, “to be put down”) is an exopassive derivation ( ibid.).He derives the departing tone ( 去聲) pronunciation via two derivations: Schuessler (2007) instead proposed an Austroasiatic origin by comparing 下 ( OC *ɡraːʔ, “to descend, down, below”) to Khmer ( gra'ka, “ be low, debased ” ) additionally, he suggested that Sino-Tibetan influence had possibly caused the weakening of foreign final * -k to OC final * -ʔ. outside Sinitic, cognate to Mizo tla ~ tlâk ( “ to fall ” ), thla ~ thlâk ( “ to drop ” ), Burmese ကျ ( kya., “ to fall ” ) and ချ ( hkya., “ to drop ” ).The shell and bone form evolved into 下, the character used today.įrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(k/g)la-k/j/t ( “ to fall ” ) (STEDT): 下 in its shell and bone form is an ideogram ( 指事) that shows the concept of down by showing one line below another (contrast 上). Glyph origin Historical forms of the character 下 Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 7, character 1.国民栄誉賞の日(kokumin eiyo sho no hi): Day of People's H.下 ( Kangxi radical 1, 一+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一卜 ( MY), four-corner 1023 0, composition ⿱ 一 卜).目黒のさんま祭り(meguro no sanma matsuri): Pacific Saury F.100歳人口(hyakusai jinko): Population of 100 years old.秋場所(aki basho): Fall grand sumo tournament.鳩山新政権(Hatoyama shin seiken): Hatoyama new government.モノレール開業記念日(monoreiru kaigyo kinenbi): Anniversary.ウメ子大往生(Umeko dai o jo): Peaceful death of Umeko.秋のお彼岸(aki no o higan ): The Autumn Equinoctial Week.敬老の日(keiro no hi ): Respect-for-the-Aged Day.十円カレーの日(jyuen kare no hi): Day of yen 10 curry rice. 八雲忌(yakumo ki): Death anniversary of Koizumi Yakumo.13年ぶりV (jyusan nen buri V): Victory after 13 years.自民新総裁(jimin sin sosai): New President of LDP.Her hobbies are traveling, taking pictures, and watching movies. Her life work is to be a bridge between Japan and other countries. She has started writing the blog to introduced Japan and Japanese culture since December 31, 2008. She published her Florida experiences as "Florida Report 2006-2008" in Japanese in 2012. From 2006 to 2008 she was dispatched to the Morikami Museum and Japanese Gardens in Delray Beach, Florida as a JOI (Japan Outreach Initiative) Coordinator. She worked at the Andes Amazon Pavilion of the Expo 2005 in Aichi. She circumnavigated by the 44th Peace Boat Cruise from Decemto March 31, 2004. In 1996 she was an exchange student at Washington State University. After Master's course, she majored in Education at a Doctral course. She enjoyed working at Expo '92 in Seville, Spain for 7 months and traveled around Europe for 5 months. After graduating from college, she worked as a teacher of English at a junior high school for 6 years and went back to a graduate school. Kimiko Kitani was born in Yokosuka, and lives in Miura. If those two kanji characters are written as 上下, it is read as joge. The Upper chamber is jo in (上院), the Lower chamber is ka in (下院). The first book of the two volumes is called jo kan (上巻), and the second book of the two volumes is called ge kan (下巻). The upper half of the body is called jyo hanshin(上半身) and the lower half of the body is caled ka hanshin (下半身). Upper is jo ryu (上流), lower is ka ryu(下流). Elegant is jo hin(上品), and dirty is ge hin(下品). The top shelf is called jo dan(上段), and the bottom shelf is called ge dan(下段). The kanji character of kami (上) and shimo (下) are also read as jo (上) and ka (下) or ge (下).įor example the first 10days of the month is called jo jun(上旬), and the last 10 days of the month is called ge jun(下旬). Kami (上:top) and shimo (下:bottom) are prefix to mean half of something. Usually the persons in charge of accounting are vey busy at the end of September and the end of March.įrom October to March is called shimo hanki(下半期), literally bottom half term. We call this 6 months kami hanki(上半期), literally top half term. Therefore today is the end of the first half year. The fiscal year in Japan starts in April and ends in March.
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